AI artificial intellegence loop test

I understand the 5 cases of simple loop test: skip loop, enter loop once , twice, M iterations where M less than N and N,N-1,N+1

I have no background about testing in AI systems. the course instructor specified that in the exam, he will ask about what we have been practicing in simple loop testing but on AI system and that will create confusion due to: 1) how AI take input to function 2)and that input is not used as is but transformed.

in such case, how can I test loops?