Test While Coding, or Code then Test?

Is there a widely accepted best practice regarding how testing should fit into development?

I personally find it more productive to code a feature fully, and then debug and fix issues once I have made all of the edits that were necessary. Some people write a little bit of code, then immediately test it before editing anywhere else.

Is there a known pattern / best practice for this that is widely accepted? Are there some competing patterns?

I am not asking for an opinion, I'm asking for well known and documented patterns that address the issue of testing during development.