Test Laravel Controller's try catch

I have this controller

public function upload(Request $request)
{
    $fileData   = $request->getContent();
    $fileName   = uniqid().'.xlsx';

    try {
        // save file locally
        Storage::disk('local')->put($fileName, $fileData);

        // dispatch to queue
        AnyJob::dispatch($fileName);

        // insert in import_statuses table for status checking
        AnyModel::create([
            'job_id'  => $fileName
        ]);

    } catch (\Exception $e) {
        error_log($e);

        return response()->json([
            'error' => 'Could not save file or queue not found.'
        ], 500);
    }

    return response()->json([
        'status' => 'OK',
        'jobId'  => $fileName,
    ]);
}

And I'm trying to create a test that enters the catch, but I can't get it to work.

I already tried mocking Storage and expect methods disk and put to be called, but it always complains about other methods being called and not expected.

I also tried mocking AnyJob and AnyModel in many ways but that doesn't seem to affect the request made by $this->post.

This is my test method right now:

public function testUploadException()
{
    $xlsxFile = UploadedFile::fake()->create('test.xlsx', 100);

    // ignore Storage and Job real work
    \Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage::fake();
    $this->withoutJobs();

    $mock = Mockery::mock('\App\AnyModel');
    $mock
        ->shouldReceive('create')->times(3)
        ->andThrow(new \Exception('any error'));

    $this->app->instance('\App\AnyModel', $mock);

    $response = $this
        ->withHeaders(['content-type' => 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'])
        ->post('/api/upload', [$xlsxFile]);

    $response
        ->assertStatus(500)
        ->assertJson([
            'error' => 'Could not save file or queue not found.'
        ]);
}

And what it returns

root@3e5d84a4db42:/application/api# vendor/bin/phpunit 
PHPUnit 7.5.4 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

....F                                                               5 / 5 (100%)

Time: 2.62 seconds, Memory: 20.00MB

There was 1 failure:

1) Tests\Feature\UploadTest::testUploadException
Expected status code 500 but received 200.
Failed asserting that false is true.

/application/api/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/TestResponse.php:133
/application/api/tests/Feature/UploadTest.php:50

FAILURES!
Tests: 5, Assertions: 8, Failures: 1.