java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Landroid/test/ProviderTestCase2;

I want to use both AndroidX and ProviderTestCase2 in my Android Instrumented Test, I followed the Android official document：https://developer.android.com/training/testing/set-up-project.

After setting up according to the above document, I passed the compilation, but the following error was reported when running:

Started running tests

Test running failed: There was 1 failure:
1) Fatal exception when running tests
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Landroid/test/ProviderTestCase2;
at java.lang.Class.classForName(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:453)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.doCreateRunner(TestLoader.java:72)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.getRunnersFor(TestLoader.java:104)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestRequestBuilder.build(TestRequestBuilder.java:789)
at androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.buildRequest(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:543)
at androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:386)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:2106)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "android.test.ProviderTestCase2" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/data/app/com.****.test-txGzh5qqlFTUAaa8y1PjYA==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/com.****.test-txGzh5qqlFTUAaa8y1PjYA==/lib/arm64, /system/lib64, /system/vendor/lib64]]
at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:93)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
... 8 more
Suppressed: java.io.IOException: No original dex files found for dex location (arm64) /system/framework/android.test.runner.jar
at dalvik.system.DexFile.openDexFileNative(Native Method)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.openDexFile(DexFile.java:353)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.<init>(DexFile.java:100)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.<init>(DexFile.java:74)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.loadDexFile(DexPathList.java:374)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.makeDexElements(DexPathList.java:337)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.<init>(DexPathList.java:157)
at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.<init>(BaseDexClassLoader.java:65)
at dalvik.system.PathClassLoader.<init>(PathClassLoader.java:64)
at com.android.internal.os.PathClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(PathClassLoaderFactory.java:43)
at android.app.ApplicationLoaders.getClassLoader(ApplicationLoaders.java:69)
at android.app.ApplicationLoaders.getClassLoader(ApplicationLoaders.java:36)
at android.app.LoadedApk.createOrUpdateClassLoaderLocked(LoadedApk.java:678)
at android.app.LoadedApk.getClassLoader(LoadedApk.java:711)
at android.app.LoadedApk.getResources(LoadedApk.java:944)
at android.app.ContextImpl.createAppContext(ContextImpl.java:2303)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:5943)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap1(Unknown Source:0)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1764)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:105)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6944)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.Zygote$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(Zygote.java:327)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1374)

FAILURES!!!
Tests run: 0,  Failures: 1
Tests ran to completion.

Does anyone know the reason for this? If anyone can help it would be greatly appreciated.